FLIGHT AUTOMATION
1- UNIVERSAL FLIGHT SAFETY
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ALL TERRAIN LANDING
Either for the pilot or passengers, there are so many extraordinary reasons for flying, but nevertheless, reassuring a safe landing at destination is always the ultimate goal of each flight. The Safe and Universal ‘Automated Flying Disc Aircraft (AFDA), offers the possibility to take-off and land vertically or horizontally, fly at maximum speed ahead or remain stationary at a given altitude, land vertically at any possible given location or horizontally on wheels with the required speed on an appropriate runway, or skid safely over an open field covered by low vegetation, sand, snow or ice, or, over a body of water.
VTOL OR RUNWAY
The ‘Universal Flying Disk’ can execute VERTICAL TAKE-OFF AND LANDING, hold a stationary
Position in space and is also capable of CONVENTIONAL TAKE-OFF AND LANDING ON WHEELS with the appropriate speed over a runway.
DOUBLING OF EQUIPMENT
Safety is ensured by the DOUBLING OF ALL Flight Computer Systems, Aircraft digital & Analogic instruments, Safety equipment, Power Plant & Flight Controls.
The reinforcement of basic structural components, the construction concept in sections, the doubling of piping and wiring, Sensors and Actuators, Heating, Air conditioning and pressurized cabin systems, all being a guarantee of Safety.
Besides having two sets of double wheels forward and aft, the AFDA uses a pair of multi-purpose longitudinal Skid-keels. The two are fitted with hydrofoils and equipped with rudders. They serve as well as longitudinal and vertical stabilizers during flight or floating keels when afloat.
INTELLIGENT GUIDING SYSTEM
The AFDA CPC Computers integrate dedicated Autonomous Safe Control & Stability Sensors for the Detection and Perception of the Environmental Conditions, in Normal Flight or Safe Emergency Gliding Situations.
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AMPHIBIAN AIRCRAFT
AMPHIBIOUS BUOYANCY TANK CAPACITY
This AMPHIBIAN aircraft has a displacement and buoyancy capacity to take-off or land vertically or with horizontal speed over a body of water, using a pair of hydro foils and rudder fitted on skid-keels.
HYDROFOIL WINGS ON OUTER KEELS
The underneath of the skids are covered with a flat stripe of steel and the inner sections of the keels are equipped with hydro foil wings so as to provide the Take-off or Landing Lift required in the amphibious mode.
HOVERCRAFT MODE BETWEEN KEELS
The AFDA compressed air maneuver system, also provides an underneath hovercraft air cushion when compressed air jet flows are oriented inward between keels in the Hovercraft mode.
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VTOL LIFT PROPULSION AND ALTERNATE HORIZONTAL THRUST
ELECTRIC POWER PLANT & BATTERY PACKS
The ELECTRIC AIR MOBILITY Universal ‘Automated Flying Disc Aircraft’, uses a standard six major battery packs that can be recharged at each VERTIPORT or other Power Stations. For a greater range, it can become fully autonomous with a self-contained on board power plant, consisting of dual electric Generators, using liquid hydrogen from cylindrical tanks fitted inside and around the outer hull sections.
MAIN VERTICAL LIFT ROTATING CROWN WINGS
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Nowadays, there are hundreds of existing e VTOL aircrafts and almost all of them are using more or less conventional TICAL LIFT propulsion, in the form of dual opposite Crown Rotating 32 Fixed Winglets, integrated all together with a Compressed Air VENTURI Maneuver system. This Vertical thrust must be sufficient to permit the craft to Lift vertically and fly accordingly.
DUAL ELECTRIC THRUST TURBO-FANS WITH VERTICAL DEFLECTORS
The HORIZONTAL THRUST is produced by twin electric turbo-Fan engines that are fitted sideways having vertical deflectors for stationary flight and offering enough take-off and landing thrust to be capable to lift up the aircraft and fly independently. The two power systems, Vertical Rotating Crown Wings or Horizontal Electric Fan thrust Propulsion Engines, are used together in the process to achieve a higher level of safety.
It offers the possibility to Possibility to take-off and land vertically and hold a stationary position in space, to take-off or land vertically or horizontally with the required speed, on Skid-Keel floats over a body of water, having the capacity to stay afloat and displace a maximum of 100 tons.
INTEGRATED MANEUVER SYSTEM, LANDING GEAR & CONTROLS
The MAIN VERTICAL LIFT POWER of the AFDA uses a pair of Circular super-imposed INBOARD OPPOSED ROTATING CROWN WINGLETS, turning at very high speed and compressing air downward with high Pressure & low speed into CIRCULAR INTEGRATED VENTURI TUBE Outlets with low pressure & very High Compressed Air Speed maneuver system. This upward vertical Force must be sufficient to produce enough Lift Force to take-off, fly and remain stationary if necessary, land vertically or horizontally.
Two LONGITUDINAL SKID-Keels are fixed underneath and can be used instead of wheels for landing vertically or directly on these slippery landing skids, with a given speed over soft ground, like for an open field. They act in the way of directional Vertical Stabilizers and are equipped with a rudder in the aft section. Each of the two previous vertical skid is built with a fore and aft horizontal Hydro Foil Stabilizers at mid-height that is fitted with an integrated elevator device at one third the distance from forward, duly effective during flight or while landing on water.
The UNDERCARRIAGE LANDING WHEELS.
Capable of conventional VTOL on wheels or with appropriate speed over a runway.
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UNIVERSAL AFDA STABILITY CONDITIONS
1. UNIVERSAL AFDA STATIC STABILITY
a. AFDA Size and Aerodynamic Shape
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b. Sectorial Construction and Structural Components
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c. Aircraft Empty Weight, Loaded Maximum Weight and Center of Gravity
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d. Deadweight and Tanks
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Fuel Cylindrical Contour Tank, Water, Sprinkler and Sanitary Tanks
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e. Hydrodynamic Aspect
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Unsinkable Circular Void Buoyancy Tanks
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Dual Keel Buoyancy tanks with Draft markings
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Draft at Maximum Displacement
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2. UNIVERSAL AFDA DYNAMICAL STABILITY
​A. TAKE-OFF AND LANDING OR STATIONNARY FLIGHT ‘VERTICAL’ LIFT POWER
a. Main Twin electric Fan Thrusters with Directional Deflectors downward
b. Vertical Lift Opposite Crown Rotating Winglet System
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Integrated All round Venturi Compressed Air Controllable Vertical Lift System
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Automated Directional Quadrant and Gyroscopic Stability Monitoring Control System
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Forward and Aft Double Section Actuators
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Port and Starboard Double Section Actuators
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Triangular Compressed Air Closing Devices when in flight
c. Flight Safety Data 5 Computer, Automated Aerospace Control Procedure
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B. DIRECTIONAL AND TRANSVERSAL STABLILITY DURING ‘HORIZONTAL’ FLIGHT
a. Pair of Lateral Ailerons on Port and Starboard Upper Side Hull
b. Vertical Rudders on Aft section of Dual Skid-Keel Vertical Stabilizers
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C. LONGITUDINAL STABILITY DURING ‘HORIZONTAL’ FLIGHT
a. Horizontal Electric Fan Thrusters with Adjustable Directional Deflectors
b. Pair of Flaps on Forward and Aft Upper Hull Side
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Forward flaps are raised for Descent and Aft Flaps are raised for Climb
​c. Dual Skid-Keel Vertical Stabilizers with fixed outer hydrofoil winglets
C. DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION ON WATER
a. Hydrofoils assistance on landing and Take-off on a water surface
b. Hovercraft performance with Forward and Aft Compressed Air Actuators
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2- COMPUTER AUTOMATION REQUIREMENTS
FLEET MANAGEMENT CENTER ‘GLOBAL AUTOMATION COMPUTER’ (GAC)
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AFDA GAC GENERAL FLEET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
The fleet ‘Global Automation Controller’ is an advanced computer system, automated by artificial intelligence, processing the data with the aid of dedicated algorithms simulating functions of human intelligence. It Integrates the Fleet Company’s objectives and manages all the automated aspects of Administration, Finance, commercial activities, Personnel, Logistics and other fleet Legal requirements. It always serves as a Master back-up for the onboard Universal Automated Flying Disc Aircraft ‘Computer Pilot Controller’ (CPC).
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AUTOMATED FLYING DISCS AIRCRAFTS
DEPARTURE:
SATELLITE AUTOMATED COMPUTER SYSTEMS
CONSTRUCTION, POWER PLANT & PROPULSION
LOADING CARGO & BOARDING PASSENGERS
ARRIVAL :
UNLOADING CARGO & PASSENGERS LEAVING
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE & REPAIRS
HULL INTEGRITY & COMMUNICATION REPORTS
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GAC REMOTE MONITORING OF EMERGENCIES BY FLEET PILOT CAPTAINS
Teams of dedicated ‘Fleet Pilot Captains’ (FPC) exert Continuous Surveillance of the crafts in all circumstances via Satellite Remote Air Displays at the Fleet Regional Center. The FPC particularly takes over and supervises the AFDAs within the ‘Yellow’ level Emergency Supervision Situations and Controls ‘Red’ Action Corrective Measures Directly.
The Regional GAC Fleet Pilot Captains supervise the AFDAs overall Operational Services Efficiency and also provide the appropriate Aircraft Maintenance requirements for their national Air Fleets at any City UFD Port. Each Continental City Port is integrated as part of a World Transportation System;
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VERTIPORT SHELTERS AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES
All AFDA Vertiport Control Stations use the dedicated frequencies of the World Global Air Communication and Positioning System, then providing a constant follow-up on position, geographic and aeronautical information such as weather and forecast conditions.
ON BOARD AIRCRAFT FLIGHT ‘COMPUTER PILOT CONTROLLER’ (CPC)
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NORMAL AIRCRAFT OPERATION PROCEDURES
The Safety of AFDAs propulsion Systems and Maneuver flight Controls is insured by doubling all equipment.
The CPC executes regular technical checks of all onboard automated systems to ensure the normal operation, as well as efficient power recharge of the High Performance Battery Storage packs and safe quantity of liquid Hydrogen fuel to operate the dual Electro-genic Hydrogen generators.
It controls the Vertical Propulsion rotating winglet crown systems along with its integrated Air Flow Manoeuver devices on the Vertical Lift condition or stationary Position. When it reaches the appropriate flight altitude, the AFD then Proceeds Warp speed ahead on the two Horizontal Thrust power Engines, also making use of Auxiliary steering mechanisms, as necessary.
It will also control the landing gear operation, Cabin heating, air conditioning, pressurization and de-icing. Ingresses of water automatic bilge pumping facilities, the airship stability and floats watertight integrity when afloat.
The CPC is provided with an Emergency Landing Gliding System that allows the craft to Land Safely in various weather and environmental conditions, under Remote Control from the Fleet Pilot Captain GAC at the Regional Fleet Center.
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SIX (6) PHASES OF AUTOMATED FLIGHT
The Universal ‘Automated Flying Disc Aircraft’ (AFDA) ‘Computer Pilot Controller’ recognizes Six (6) Automated PHASES OF FLIGHT:
SIX PHASES OF FLIGHT
DEPARTURE VERTIPORT RAMP & TAXI
TAKE-OFF (VTOL or Runway) CLIMB & V/H CHANGE
CRUISE FLIGHT LEVEL
DESCENT & H/V CHANGE
APPROACH & LANDING (VTOL or Runway)
ARRIVAL TAXI & VERTIPORT PARKING
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The onboard ‘AUTOMATED ‘COMPUTER PILOT CONTROLLER’ monitors All Onboard ‘Green’ Normal Operations within Aircraft Limitation Situations. The CPC is represented virtually to passengers on board the craft by Holographic Crew Personages. It also manages logistic, ethical and commercial communication, also providing continuous situation reports to the Fleet ‘Global Automation Controller’.
The onboard Universal Flying Disc Aircraft ‘COMPUTER PILOT CONTROLLER’ uses Algorithm flow-charts similar to a continuous check list evaluation of an easy fast 5 Pilot Reminder. The ‘Computer Pilot Controller’ CPC exerts a general and continuous integration, monitoring and control on all systems installed on board and referred to as described with the 5 topics and major tasks of the ‘Computer Pilot Controller’, thus creating a fully Automated ‘Universal Flying Disk’ Aircraft as in the following activities relative to the nine phases of flight:
-The CPC integrates the requirements of Positioning, Pilotage, Navigation and Communication Reports. The CPC manages the Passenger and Customer Service, and the receipt, robotic handling, storage, carriage and delivery of Goods;
- The Controller also supervises the Endurance, Fuel supply, water and catering, trash disposal and sewage; A Virtual holographic representation of the Computer Pilot Controller or Flight attendance are created to be interactive with passengers on board;
-The CPC provides Operation, Incident, Situation and Financial Reports;
- The CPC Collects and can recall all data and specifications pertaining to THE CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE, ENERGY STORAGE AND GENERATORS. The assembly of standard circular Sections. The Controller records all information regarding the AFD Construction Specifications, prototype, type of Propulsion, equipment makers and service suppliers, aerodynamic tests, quality control, trials, safety certification and commissioning, general and periodic maintenance inspections and repairs. It controls the integrity aspects of all structural elements, safety equipment and regulatory measures of Airworthiness;
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The Universal ‘AFDA OPERATION SYSTEM’ consists of two inboard ‘Computer Pilot Controllers’, one being a back-up. The CPC controls the THREE Operation levels of the system’: A) the actions associated with the NORMAL OPERATION Systems & Equipment B) the aircraft SENSORS & SAFETY LIMITATIONS and C) the three types of EMERGENCY MEASURES: ‘YELLOW’ sign and soft alarm for events dealt with directly by a back-up, ‘ORANGE’ with stronger alarm, when situations require a direct take-over on the two Fleet ‘Global Automation Computers’, one being a back-up. The Satellite Air Received Information Displays are then overviewed and managed by a ‘Manned Fleet Pilot Captain’ on duty at the AFDA Fleet’s Regional Headquarter. The ‘RED’ sign are strong alarms for actions requiring a follow-up of ‘Crash Avoidance Procedures’ and an immediate emergency landing plan of action at the closest appropriate Terrain as per local conditions.
Automated Control procedures allow the aircraft in any location or at a dedicated Vertiport, to autonomously take-off or land vertically or horizontally, fly and hold a stationary position in space when necessary with the rotating crown system only and land vertically on wheels or longitudinal skid Keels over any appropriate terrain, field, sand, snow and ice or as an amphibian with Hydrofoil Stabilizers and Compressed Air Hovercraft Capacity, over a water surface.
The ‘Automated Flying Disc’ Lower hull flight controls make use of longitudinal landing skid Keels as directional vertical stabilizers and rudders. The upper hull side is equipped with conventional port and starboard ailerons and a double set of flaps forward and aft.
It is capable to take-off or land safely over a regular runway at the required operational speed. It uses dual thrust engines and an undercarriage of fixed pair of landing wheels aft and a set of parallel directional landing wheels forward.
In case of extreme ‘Red’ emergency, rough adverse weather condition, breakdown or malfunction of equipment, even though after the safe doubling of all these systems and equipment, the aircraft Crash Avoidance automated Procedure of the ‘Computer Pilot Controller’ system is fully programmed to maintain a safe natural gliding stability and to land and slide properly on skid keels over any terrain, open field, sand, ice or snow, and over a water Surface, using at all times fixed hydro foil wings, and if necessary a Compressed Air Hovercraft System in between vertical keels.
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AUTOMATED PILOTAGE ‘FLIGHT SAFETY DATA 5’ ALGORITHM
The ‘Computer Pilot Controller’ (CPC) installed onboard the aircraft, uses a flow chart that exerts a general and continuous integration, monitoring and control of all systems installed on board during all phases of Flight and referred to as the five major safe and efficient ‘FLIGHT SAFETY DATA 5’ algorithm. ‘Automated Aircraft Procedures’ and Auto-pilotage are controlled by the ‘Computer Pilot Controller’.
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FLIGHT SAFETY DATA 5
AEROSPACE COMPONENT:
Altitude
GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES:
Latitude & Longitude
TRIDIMENSIONAL AXES
Yaw, Roll & Pitch
AERODYNAMIC FORCES
Weight, Lift, Thrust & Drag
AUTOPILOT PARAMETERS
ALT, VS, HDG, CO & IAS
1- First, the Aircraft Aerospace Component ALTITUDE Setting AGL, MSL & Standard Pressure within a given atmospheric environmental condition.
2- Two Continuous and precise ‘GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES’ on DGPS or aeronautical satellite earth map view, latitude for distance and longitude for time. The sea level altitude is provided by Satellite, Barometric sensors being used is for the Altitude over the ground or pressure altitude.
3- Surface Flight control pilotage attitude on the ‘THREE DIMENSION AXES’ to maintain
Directional yaw heading, transversal rolling stability and horizontal trim;
4- Constant assessment of the ‘FOUR AERONAUTICAL FORCES’:
a) Maximum ‘Weight’ and fuel consumption.
b) ‘Lift’ is relative to vertical propulsion or Speed ahead aircraft angle of attack.
c) Forward speed is controlled by ‘Thrust’ alterations on turbo fan twin engines.
d) Horizontal ‘Drag’ relates to incidence, relative speed, dirt or icing and risk of stall.
5- Autopilots are on the three axes, setting and feeding through digital, analogic, satellite Instruments & Electronic Aeronautical charts. The AFDA Flight Plans require Way Points & Routing as per the Basic ‘FIVE AUTO PILOTAGE NAVIGATION PARAMETERS’, controlled by the ‘Computer Pilot Controller’:
ALT – Altitude
VS – Vertical speed
HD - Heading
CO - Course
IAS - Speed
3- AUTOMATED CUSTOMER QUALITY SERVICE
‘Automated Flying Disc Aircrafts’ (AFDAs) are manned and controlled from a ‘Regional AFDA Fleet Surveillance Center’ by ‘Fleet Pilot Captains’.
On board the aircraft, there are compulsory forward retractable manual Cockpit Pilotage Controls at center of the Passenger Cabin. These controls are mainly for testing and validate operational performance requirements during inspections. The presence of an AFDA certified ‘Fleet Pilot Captain’ on board during flight is optional.
PASSENGER BOARDING & LEAVING AIRCRAFT
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PASSAGE BOARDING CHECK, SEATING & COMFORT
Commercial logistic is managed through Regional ‘Fleet Control Center’;
The normal slope of UFD hull structure favors a passenger’s panoramic view over the scenery.
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CABIN PRESSURIZATION, COMFORT & AIR-CONDITIONING
The CABIN PRESSURIZATION is air conditioned to perform regular flights in all weather conditions at Mach 0.6 to FL500, with automatic DE-ICING systems for windows and leading edge.
Pressurized cabin to fly regular flights at altitude FL500 with a speed of Mach 0.60;
VIRTUAL HOLOGRAPHIC CREW INTERCOMMUNICATION
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ON BOARD SERVIVES
LUGGAGE HANDLING
CATERING & ENTERTAINMENT
CARGO & PARCELS ROBOTIC GENERAL SERVICES
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SECURITY SURVEILLANCE
ETHICAL HOLOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
MISBEHAVIOR & DISSATISFACTION
VANDALISM & POLICE INTERVENTION